CBSE CLASS 10 NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR
CHAPTER 4 AGRICULTURE
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture
Answer: (b) Plantation Agriculture
(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton
Answer: (b) Gram
(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses
(b) Jawar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum
Answer: (a) Pulses
(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price
(b) Minimum support price
(c) Moderate support price
(d) Influential support price
Answer : (b) Minimum support price
2. Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Answer:
(a) Tea is one of the most important beverage crop.
(b) Tea plants requires tropical as well as sub- tropical areas to grow well.
(c) Tea plants also need deep and fertile well-drained soil which are rich in organic matter and humus.
(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer:
(a) Rice is one of the staple crop of India.
(b) It is produced in the region of - northern plain
North-eastern India.
Coastal areas and in the Deltaic regions.
(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Answer:
In the interest of farmers the Government introduced the following institutional reform programs:-
(a)Kissan Credit Card facility and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme.
(b) Minimum Support Price (MSP)
(c) Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood.
(d) Cold storage facilities etc.
(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer:
Due to the growing population areas of land under cultivation reducing day by the. It's consequences may severely affect the future generations in the following ways:-
(a) There may shortage of food and grains.
(b) Increase in the price of food grains.
(c) Large amount of unemployment in agricultural sector.
(d) People may have to depends on food imports.
(e) country will be not able to export food materials so it may affect in the development of economy.
Many such types of problems may arrive if we will continue with depletion of cultivation land.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Answer:
Ans. Indian government has taken various steps for the improvement of agriculture. These are as follows
I) Institutional reforms:- It refers to reforms introduced by the government such as Land ceiling Act, Consolidation of land holdings, collectivisation, abolishing of Zamindari system, development of cooperative societies.
II) Technological reforms :- Improving the availability of technology in agriculture through green revolution by providing HYV seeds, fertilisers, and better irrigation facilities. Initiating White revolution by improving the production of milk through cooperatives.
III) Agricultural finance :- Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and other banks to provide easy loan facilities to the farmers at lower rate of interest.
IV) Land development programmes :- By adopting a comprehensive land development programme in 1980s-90s that consisted of both institutional and technical reforms. Provision of crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease are part of this programme.
V) Other reforms :- Providing Kisan Credit Card ( KCC) , Personal Accident Insurance Scheme ( PAIS), introducing special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes in radio and television channels and announcing Minimum Support Price ( MSP) for agricultural products like cereals, pulses to check the exploitation of farmers by middlemen.
(ii) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Answer:
(a) The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture can be better understand since the time of colonisation.
(b) During colonial rules Indian spices were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of south India were encouraged to grow these crops.
(c)In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran because they were forced to grow indigo on their land to supply dye to Britain's flourishing textile industry. They were unable to grow food grains to sustain their families.
(d) Hence after Globalisation,Indian farmers have been exposed to new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of developed nations.
(e) Even after being important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices, our agricultural products are not able to compete with developed nations.
So we can say the impact of globalisation has its blessing and curses for Indian agriculture.
(iii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
The geographical conditions required for growth of rice are as follows :
- (a) Rice cultivation requires hot and humid climate . High temperature, (above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm are favourable for the growth of rice.
- (b)In areas with less rainfall, it can grows with the help of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells.
- (c)Rich alluvial soil is the best for rice cultivation.
- (d) It grows well on the Plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.
Very Short Answer Questions ( 1 marks)
Q. 1. What is commercial farming?
Ans. Commercial farming is a type of farming which is done on a large scale and the motive is to earn profit by exports.
Q. 2. Why there is excessive pressure on agricultural land?
Ans. Though the ' right of inheritance' has rendered land holding sizes uneconomical, the farmers continue to take maximum output from the limited land in the absence of alternative services of livelihood.
Q. 3. Why Jhumming is a primitive subsistence farming in India?
Ans. Jhumming is practiced in hilly areas of of North-Eastern states with the use of primitive tools and it is for self consumption only.
Q. 4. When are Rabi crops grown?
Ans. Rabi crops are sown in the start of winter that is from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
Q. 5. What is Zaid ?
Ans. Zaid is a short crop season falls between Rabi and kharif seasons ( March- June)
Q. 6. In which States are mangoes and bananas grown?
Ans. i)Mangoes are grown in Maharashtra, Andhrapradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
ii) Bananas are grown in Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamilnadu.
Q. 7. Which schemes were introduced by government for the benefit of Farmers?
Ans. Kissan Credit card ( KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme ( PAIS) are some schemes introduced by government of India for the benefit of farmers.
Q. 8. Name a crop that is commercial crop in Punjab but subsistence in Odisha?
Ans. Rice is a commercial crop in Punjab as it is grown in huge quantities for commercial purposes but in Odisha farmers grow mostly for self consumption.
Q. 9. Some fibres are not obtained from vegetation. Name one such fibre in India?
Ans. Silk fibre is such fibre. It is obtained from worms and worms depend on vegetation (mulberry) .
Q. 10. What is leguminous crops?
Ans. Leguminous are a family of flowering plants having pods( or legumes) as fruits and root nodules enabling storage of nitrogen-rich material. They include peas, beans, clover etc.
Short Answer Questions ( 3 Marks)
Q. 1. "Agriculture is the mainstay of Indian economy. " Explain this statement.
Ans. i) Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy.
ii) Agricultural share in providing employment and livelihood to the population continues to be as high as 63 percent ( 2001)
iii) Government is providing facilities like irrigation, power, rural roads, market and Mechanisation, subsidy on fertilisers.
Reduction of import duties on agriculture products have proved detrimental to agriculture in the country.
Q. 2. Name the important beverage crops introduced by the British in India. Explain the geographical conditions needed.
Ans. Important beverage crop introduced by the British in India is tea.
The geographical conditions needed for tea are as follows
i) Tea requires 10-30° C of temperatures and above 200 cm of annual rainfall.
ii) The soil should be deep and fertile, Well-drained, rich in humus and organic matter.
III) Frequent showers should be evenly distributed throughout the year for growth of tender leaves.
Q. 3. Name any four oilseeds produced in India. What is their economic important?
Ans. i) Four oilseeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, Sesamum (til) , soybean, castor, seeds, cotton seeds linseed and sunflower.
ii) Groundnut is a Kharif crop, linseed and mustard are rabi crop , sesamum is a kharif crop in North India and rabi crop in South India. Castor seed is grown both as rabi and kharif crop.
Economic important of oilseeds are as follows
a. Oilseeds are used as cooking medium.
b. Oilseeds are used as raw materials in the production of soap, cosmetics and ointments.
Q. 4. Differentiate between commercial farming and plantation farming.
Ans. Commercial farming
i) In this type of farming crops are grown only for commercial purposes.
ii) Farmers make use of higher doses of modern inputs, HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides etc.
iii) E. g. Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab.
Plantation farming
i) In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.
ii) Labour is employed to work in a large tracts of land, using capital intensive devices.
iii) E. g: Tea Gardens produce tea and coffee plantation produce coffee.
Q. 5. What is ' Slash and burn ' agriculture?
Ans. i) In this types of agriculture, farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other crops to sustain their families.
ii) When the fertility of the soil decreases, the farmers left the land and shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation.
iii) This type of shifting allows nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural process.
This types of farming normally carried out by the tribal people.
Q. 6. Write a short note on ' White Revolution' in Indian context.
Ans. I) White revolution is the revolution in dairy sector.
II) It introduced cooperative approach in harnessing milch animal husbandry. It also eliminated middleman in the farmer-market supply chain and enhanced milk production as well as profit to the farmers.
III) It also called Operation Flood. Therefore, white revolution increased the milk production and now the availability of milk per person have doubled then it was before 30 years.
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Q. 7. What do you understand by 'Bhoodan' and 'Gramdan' ?
Ans. Bhoodan Movement was initiated by Vinoba Bhave. To solve the problem of landless labourers, he undertook a padyatra. As a result, rich landlords offered their lands to landless agricultural labourers.
Similarly, some Zamindars, owners of many villages offered to distribute some villages among the landless. It was known as 'Gramdan'.
This Gramdan and Bhoodan Movement also known as the ' Bloodless Revolution'.
Q. 8. Which important millets are grown in India? Give a brief description about them.
Ans. Jowar, Bajra, Ragi are three important millets.
I) Jowar - It is a rain fed crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs irrigation. Maharashtra is the largest producer.
II) Bajra - It grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil. Rajasthan is the largest Producer of bajra.
III) Ragi - Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium and other micro nutrients and roughage. It grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils. Karnataka is the largest producer.
Q. 9. Write a short note on horticulture in India.
Ans. i) The cultivation of fruits and vegetables in known as Horticulture. India ranked second after China (2008) in the production of fruits and vegetables in the world.
ii) India produces around 13% of the world's vegetables. Some of the important vegetables Produced in large quantities in India are Peas, cauliflower, onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal and potato.
iii) Some of the important fruits produced in India are Mango, banana, orange, pineapple, grapes, apple, apricot, walnut, litchi and guava.
Q. 10. Can you name some industries based on agricultural raw materials?
Ans. The industries based on agriculture are :
i) Cotton textiles :- Raw materials is cotton balls from the plant.
ii) Jute sacks :- Raw materials is jute fibre from jute plant.
iii) Tea/coffee Processing :- Raw materials are tea leaves and coffee beans.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Give the Characteristics of a crop used both as food and fodder.
Ans. i) Maize is a crop used both as food and fodder.
ii) It requires a temperature between 21°C to 27° C and grows well in old alluvial soil.
iii) Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilisers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of Maize.
iv) Major maize producing States are : Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhrapradesh and Madhyapradesh.
Q. 2. How did partition of the country in 1947 affect the jute industry?
Ans. I) India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
II) The first jute mill was setup near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.
III) After partition in 1947,the jute mills remained in India but Three-fourth of the jute producing areas went to Bangladesh.
IV. So due to partition, India had to start the production of jute and Bangladesh had set up industries for the jute goods.
Q. 3. How can you say that ' India is the largest producer as well as well largest consumer of pulses in the world?
Ans. India is the largest producer as well as consumer of pulses in world. Since pulses are the major source of protein in vegetarian diet, these are used by most of the Indian population. Major pulses grown in India are - urad, moong, masur, peas and gram.
Q. 4. Which crop is known as a ' golden fiber'? Explain any two geographical conditions essential for the cultivation of this crop. Mention it's four used.
Ans. Jute is known as Golden fibre for its colour and high cash value in India.
Geographical conditions
a. Well- drained fertile soils in the flood plain, where as soil is renewed every year.
b. High temperature during the growth period, so hot and humid climate is required.
Uses
a. It is used in making carry bags, carpets, ropes, yarn and other artefacts.
b. Its stem is also used for fuel in rural belt.
c. After refining and proper treatment, it can be used for clothes.
d. It is cropped for commercial purpose which earns a livelihood for farmer.
e. Now, it is promoted to replace polythene bags in India to promote pollution free environment.
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