Nationalism in India Class 10 History Question Answer solutions / Class 10 nationalism in India ncert solutions / class 10 history nationalism in India important questions for exam (2021-2022)

 

 CLASS 10 - NATIONALISM IN INDIA IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER / NCERT SOLUTIONS. 

In this article you will find class 10 history -  Nationalism in India NCERT solutions and extra exam oriented questions and answers for Board examination. 

Question 1.

 Explain:

(a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.

Answer : 

(i)Nationalism is the feeling of togetherness of people in a nation. In a nation all the people experience same political , social and cultural situation.. 

 (ii) British colonisation affected people's freedom. For people the sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond.So, all section of the people decided to throw out the British rule and anti- colonial movement started. 

Hence we can conclude growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement. 

(b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India.

Answer:

The First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India because of the following reasons:-

i) Due to war there was high defence expenditures this led to high custom duties, increase in taxes caused widespread anger among the common people. 

ii) There was forceful recruitment of British Army in villages. 

iii) Price rise during the war years (1914-1919)  created extrem hardship for the common people. 

(c) Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act.

Answer:

Indian were outraged by the Rowlatt Act because this act empowered the government to arrest  anybody and imprison  without trial for two years. 

This also enabled the government to suspend the right to 'Habeas Corpus'( a writ requiring a person to be brought before a court). 

It was the first time when the Indians Unitedly opposed the Britishers. 

(d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Answer:

Peace and Non-violence  were two Noble weapons taken by Mahatma Gandhi to conduct the Non-Cooperation Movement. 

In  February 1922 at Chauri Chaura, in Uttar Pradesh where the violent people burnt a police station and 22-23 policemen burnt and died. 

Gandhiji disappointed with this and decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation movement. He felt satyagrahis needed to be properly trained. 

Question 2. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?

Answer:

i)By the idea of Satyagrah we understand , it is a method of protest based on truth and non-violence. Or we can say Satyagrah is a method of peaceful agitation . 

ii) It was introduced by Mahatma Gandhi and first applied in 1916 in Champaran district of Bihar to help the peasant against plantation owners. 

iii) Then it expanded it wings to Kheda district of Gujarat in support of peasant in 1917.

iv) Ahmedabad cotton Mill workers also organised satyagrah in 1918.

3. Write a newspaper report on

(a) The Jalianwala Bagh Massacre

(b) The Simon Commission

Answer:

The Jalianwala Bagh massacre

Jalianwala Bagh is a place in Amritsar (Punjab). On 13th April 1919 , people from many surrounding villages gathered there to celebrate Baisakhi fair. 

Apart from the people few protesters also there to discuss about the Rowlatt Act, a peaceful assembly was going on. Suddenly General Dyre with his troops entered the garden and closed all the entrance doors. Without giving any warning to the people, general Dyre ordered his soldiers to fire at people. In the firing, many innocent people including women and children died and many became wounded. 

This day of 13th April 1919 was a Black day in the History of India. The main intention of general Dyre behind this incident was to terrorises the satyagrahis. 

(b) The Simon Commission

The British government declared the formation of a commission to look into the working of the Government of India in 1919. As per the chairman of the commission it came to known as Simon Commission. 

It was a Matter of great regret that the Commission which was formed to prepare the ground for establishing a responsible government in India was an all white Commission. Not a single Indian was considered fir to become the member of the commission. 

The commission arrived at Bombay on 7 February 1928, as no Indian was there so Indian leaders greeted with the slogan of " Simon go Back". Both Congress and Muslim league unitedly protested against it.

 Question 4: Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter 1.

Answer:

Bharat Mata:

i.  Bharat Mata represents the Indian Nation. 

ii. It is painted by Abanindranath Tagore in 1905.

iii. In the image of Bharat Mata we find Mata Holding Trishul and standing beside a lion and an elephant – symbols of power and authority. 

iv. The image of Bharat Mata is proud of all Indians. 

Germania

i. Germania represents for German nation. 

ii. Philipp Veit painted the image of Germania in  1834 to 1836 for the first time. 

iii. Germania as a female figure is standing against a background of the tricolour fabric of the national flag. She is wearing a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.

Question 1. List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.

Answer: 

The social groups which joined the Non-cooperation Movement of 1921 were- the Middle class people in the town consists of Teachers, Students, Lawyers, Shopkeepers, Farmers, Peasant and Tribal people, Plantation workers etc. 

Amongst them we will discuss  in details about the hopes and struggles of  Business class people, Peasants and Tribal people and Plantation workers. 

Business class people:

In many places the Traders refused to trade in foreign goods. The important of foreign clothes reduced between 1922 and 1922.

Peasants and tribal people:

 In various places peasants and tribal people launched this movement against the landlords and Talukdars. For them Swaraj meant that they would not be required to pay land dues i.e land revenue the land they were cultivating would be distributed among them. 

Plantation workers:

Plantation workers participated in the movement with the hope that they would be free to move out of the restricted place in which they had been enclosed. 

Question 2. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.

Answer:

The salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because:

i. It was done in revolt against a commodity- salt used by all categories of people whether rich or poor. 

ii. The tax on salt and the monopoly over it's manufacturing was sign of oppression of British rule. 

iii. The salt March was effective also because Gandhiji met a large number of  commoners during the march and taught them the true meaning of Swaraj and non-violence. 

iv. On 6th April, 1930  Gandhi along with his followers violated salt law by producing salt from sea water. It was a direct challenge to British rule in India. 

v. It was a clear indication that people will not co-operate with unjustified colonial laws. 

Question 3. Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Answer:

Being a woman I am very much happy to participate in Civil disobedience movement. In this process I got the opportunity to meet with Gandhi. I heard Gandhiji's speaking and inspired by him I also offered satyagraha, picketed liquor shops and shops selling foreign clothes. 

   I felt empowered by these activities and I am also very proud of my other women Co-workers. The experience has made me realise that women also have an important role to play in realising our freedom. 

Question 4. Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?

Answer:

The political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates because

i.The political leaders belonged to different classes and communities of the Indian society which were having difference in opinions. 

ii. Gandhi had an opinion that having a separate electorates would slow down the freedom movement and also adversely affect the unity of the country. 

iii. The Muslim leaders thought that their interest could only be protected in a Muslim state, and in a Hindu majority state they would be at the mercy of the Hindus. 

iv. Dr. BR Ambedkar, the leader of the depressed classes, was in favour of separate electorates for his community. 

  Nationalism In India  Class 10 Important Practice  Questions > Assignment Questions 

              

           Nationalism   In  India      

Very Short type Questions

Q. 1.   When did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa? 

Ans.   In January 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. 

Q. 2.  Who written  the novel  Anandamath? 

Ans.  Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay written the novel Anandamath. 

Q. 3.  When was Rowlatt Act passed? 

Ans.  Rowlatt Act passed in 1919.

Q. 4. Why did the Simon Commission boycotted? 

Ans.  The Simon commission was boycotted because there was no Indian in the Commission. 

Q. 5.   Who was the president of Muslim League in 1930? 

Ans.  Sir Muhammad Iqbal was the president of muslim League in 1930.

Q. 6.  Who gave call for ' Purna Swaraaj? 

Ans.  In the Lahore, the resolution of  Purna Swaraj was adopted in 1929.

Q. 7.  Who wrote song ' Vande Matarm'?

Ans.  Vande Mataram was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. 

Q. 8.  Who formed Swaraj Party? 

Ans.  C. R Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party with in Congress to argue for a return to council politics. 

Q. 9.  Name the famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi. 

Ans. ' Hind Swaraj' the famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi. 

Q. 10.  What was Poona Pact? 

Ans.  Poona Pact gave the Depressed Classes  reserved  seats in Provincial and Central legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general elections. 

       Short Answer  type Questions

Q. 1.   Why was Non- Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhiji  ?  Explain any three reasons. 

Ans.  Reasons for the launching of Non cooperation Movement:

I.  To support Khilafat agitation. 

II.  To protest against Rowlatt Act. 

III.  The dissatisfaction from government of India act of 1919.

IV.  Demand for swaraj. 

Q. 2. What was the impact of  the first world War on India? 

Ans.  The first world War deeply affected India through it was under the British rule  at that time. 

I. The British government raised taxes, custom duties and income taxes in India to finance the was expenditures. 

II.  Villagers and  farmers were forcefully recruited in  the British Army. 

III.  There was  a rise in prices  of food and other essential things. 

Q. 3.  What type of flag was designed during the  Swaraj Movement in Bengal?  Explain its main features. 

Ans.   At the time of  Swadeshi Movement , a tricolour flag (  red, green, and yellow) was designed in Bengal by Mahatma Gandhi. It's features are

I)  It had eight Lotuses representing eight provinces of British India and a crescent moon representing Hindu-Muslim community. 

II)  It had  also  tricolour -  red, Green and yellow. 

III)  It had a spinning wheel in the centre. 

Q. 4. Why did  Non -  Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in cities?  Explain two reasons. 

Ans.   The Non -  Cooperation Movement in the cities gradually slowed down for various reasons:-

i)  Khadi Clothes was  often more expensive than mass  produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. Thus boycott of foreign goods could not continue for long. 

ii)  Similarly, the boycott of British institutions posed a problem. No alternative institutions were set-up in their place. So,  the students, teachers lawyers and other professionals finally had to resume their studies and job in government institutions like schools, colleges, courts etc. 

Q. 5.   Evaluate the contribution of folklore, songs, Popular prints etc.,  in shaping the nationalism during freedom struggle. 

Ans.   Role of folklore:

i)  History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the making of Nationalism. 

ii)  Identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat mata. 

iii) In the 1870s, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay  wrote ' Vande Mataram ' as a hymn to the mother land. 

iv)  Idea of Nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian folklore. 

Q. 6. Why did Mahatma Gandhi find  ' Salt '  a powerful symbol that could Unite the  nation? Explain. 

Ans.   Mahatma Gandhi found salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation because;

i)  Salt is consumed by everyone and  regarded as one of the most essential items of food. Poor peasants were against high revenue demand, trade depression, wanted remittances of the unpaid rent. 

ii)  Gandhiji  thought if any movement could be arranged against this oppression which affected people from all strata, it could unite the nation. 

So, he gave an  ultimatum to the British Government, but Irwin was reluctant to negotiate. 

iii)   Gandhiji started his famous salt march with his followers from Sabarmati ashram towards Dandi, the coastal town of Gujarat. This marked the beginning of the civil Disobedience Movement all over India. In this way ' Salad   inspired the nation to rebel  against the British. 

Q. 7.  What were  Mahatma Gandhi's views on women's participation in the  national movement? 

Ans.  I)  During Gandhiji's  salt March,  thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated  in protest marches, manufactured salt, and  pocketed foreign clothe and liquor shops. 

II)  many went to jail . But Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after  home and health, be good mothers and wives. 

        For a long time, the Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the Organisation. 

Q. 8.  Why did Gandhiji  relaunch the  Civil Disobedience Movement after the second Round Table Conference?  Explain any  three reasons. 

Ans.   Reasons for relaunching  of civil Disobedience Movement;

i)   The negotiations with regard to India's  freedom broke down  in the Second Round Table Conference held at London. 

ii)  Back in India, he discovered that the government had  begun a new cycle of repression. 

iii)  Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal  Nehru were  put to jail. 

iv)  The Congress had been declared illegal. 

v)  A series of measures had been imposed to prevent meeting, demonstration and  boycotts. In such situation he decided to relaunch the Civil disobedience Movement. 

Q. 9.  Explain  the three reason for the Lahore  session of the Congress in 1929  to be called the historical session. 

Ans.   i)  Indians demonstrated against the Simon commission as it had no Indian  representative in it. So in an effort to win support, Viceroy Lord Irwin announced an uncertain  offer of  '  Dominian status  '   to India and a  Round Table Conference to discuss a future Constitution. 

ii)   The expectations  of the  Congress were not  met by this announcement. So  at Lahore session, the  Congress President  Jawaharlal Nehru passed a resolution of  declaring '  Purna Swaraj' or  complete independence, the Congress took active steps to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement. 

Q. 10.   Describe any three Major  problems  faced by the peasants  of  Awadh in the  days of Non - Cooperation Movement. 

Ans.    In the days of Non- Cooperation  Movement, the peasants of Awadh  faces a lot of problems. These were

i)  Talukdars and  Landlords   demanded  from the peasants of Awadh faced  a lot of  taxes. 

ii)  Peasants  had to do begar (  labour without any payment) and  work at landlords farms. 

iii)  As tenants  , the  peasants  had no security of  tenure, being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the  leased land. 

       Thus, the peasants Movement in Awadh demanded reduction of  revenue, abolition  of begar and  social boycott of  oppressive landlords. 

       Long  Answer type Questions

Q. 1.  What  kind of repressive action was taken  by  British  on the  Civil Disobedience Movement? 

Ans.  i)  Worried by the  developments, the colonial government began arresting the  Congress leaders  one by one. 

ii)  This led to violent clashes in many places. 

iii)   A month later when Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested,  industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police posts, municipal Building, law courts and  railway stations- all  structures that symbolised British rule. 

iv)  A frightened government responded with a policy of brutal suppression. 

v)  Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked  , women and children were beaten and about 1,00,000 people were arrested. 

vi)  Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a devout disciple of  Mahatma Gandhi was arrested (  April 1930).

vii)  Angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of  Peshawar facing armored cars and police firing many were killed. 

Q. 2.  How was the Civil disobedience Movement different from the Non- Cooperation Movement? State any three points of difference. 

Ans.   The Civil disobedience Movement was different from the Non- Cooperation Movement:

     Non- Cooperation Movement

I) The people were asked not to cooperate with the Government. 

II)  Foreign goods were boycotted. 

III)  Liquor shops were  picketed. 

IV)  Foreign clothes were burnt in heap. 

V)  students left the government owned schools and colleges. 

   Civil disobedience Movement

I)  People were asked to break colonial laws. 

II)  The countrymen  broke the  salt law. 

III)  Peasants refused to pay revenue and  chaukidari tax. 

IV)  Village Officials  resigned from their jobs. 

V)  Forest people Violated forest rules and laws. 

Q. 3.   " Nationalism  spreads when  people begin  to  believe that they  are all part of the same  nation. "  Support the statement. 

Ans.  Nationalism spreads when people begin with believe that they are all part of the same  nation.The sense of collective  belonging came partly through the experience of United struggles. But there were also a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people's imagination. 

        History and fiction, folklore and  songs helped in promotion of nationalism. Literature also helped to arouse national feelings. The ideas of nationalism also developed through the celebration of  regional festivals. As the national Movement developed, nationalist leaders became more and more of  icons and symbols in  unifying and  inspiring in them  a feeling of nationalism. 

Q. 4.   Why did  Gandhiji  decide to launch a  nationwide  satyagrah  against  the  proposed  Rowlatt  Act 1919? How was it organised? Explain. 

Ans.   i)  The Rowlatt act was hurriedly  passed  through the  Imperial  Legislative council. 

ii)  Indian members unitedly opposed it. 

iii)  It gave  government  enormous powers to repress political activities. 

iv) It allowed detention of political prisoners without trials for two years. 

          Organisation of  Satyagrah:

  i)  Mahatma Gandhi wanted  non - violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws. 

 ii)  It was  started  with  a  'Hartal' on 6th April. 

iii)  Rallies  were Organised in various cities. 

iv)  Workers went  on  strike  in  railway workshops. 

 v)  Shops closed down. 

Q. 5.  Plantation workers had their own  understanding  of  Mahatma Gandhi's  ideas  and the  notion of  'Swaraaj'.  Support the  statement. 

Ans.   Plantation  workers  had their  own  understanding  of Mahatma Gandhi's  ideas and the notion of  Swaraj :

  i)  Freedom meant the right to move  freely in and out  of the  confined space. 

ii)  Retaining  a link  with the  village from which  they had  come. 

iii)  Plantation  workers  were   not permitted  to leave  the  tea gardens   without  permission and in fact they were rarely given. 

iv)  When  they  heard  of the  Non -  Cooperation  Movement, thousands of workers  defied the  authorities, left  the  plantation and  headed home. 

v)  They   believed that   Gandhi Raj was   coming and everyone would be given  land  in their own villages. 

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