Class 8 Geography | Chapter 5 Industry | NCERT solutions

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Class 8 Geography > Industry > NCERT Solutions

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘Industry’?

Answer: Industry is an economic activity concerned with  production of goods, by processing the raw materials into valuable final products. It falls under secondary activity. 

(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Answer:  The factors that affect the location of industries are 

   i. Availability of raw material and land, adequate supply of water and labour, access to power and transport, presence of market and a good amount of capital. 

ii. Sometimes, the government also provides incentives like subsidised power, lower transport cost and other infrastructural facilities. 


(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?

Answer:    Iron and Steel is called the backbone of the modern industry because, 

almost everything we use is either made of steel or has been made with machinery or tools made out of steel. 

(iv) Why has the cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Answer: The warm and moist climate, proximity to the port, easy availability of raw material and skilled labour helped in the rapid expansion of the cotton textile industry in Mumbai.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Fort Gloster is located in

(a) West Bengal

(b) California

(c) Gujarat

Answer: (a) West Bengal

(ii) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?

(a) nylon

(b) jute

(c) acrylic

Answer: (b) Jute

3. Distinguish between the following.

(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry

Answer: 

Agro-based

i.Agro-based industries use plant and animal-based products as their raw materials. 

ii. It is a source of employment for people in rural areas. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products and leather industries are examples of agro-based industries. 

Mineral-based

i. Mineral based industries are primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. 

ii. It is a source of employment for both rural and urban populations. Steel and Iron Industries and Heavy Machinery industries are examples of Mineral based industries.

(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry

Answer: 

Public sector

i. Industries owned and operated by the government are public sector industries. 

ii. Steel Authority of India Limited and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited are examples of Public sector industries. 

Joint sector

i. joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. 

ii. Maruti Udyog Limited is an example of joint sector industry.

4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided :

(i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________

Answer: Iron ore and Cotton

(ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________

Answer: Steel and Cloth

(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________

Answer: Transport and banking

(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________

Answer: Dairy and Sugar

(v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________

Answer: pottery and basket weaving

(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________

Answer: Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)

  ______________________________________________



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