Nationalism
in India
Class 10th Term 2
1. 1. Explain the role of women in the civil disobedience movement?
Answer : The
role of women in the civil disobedience movement was
I.
During gandhiji salt March, thousands of
women participated in the marches, Manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth
and liquor shops. Many went to jail. In urban areas these women were from high caste
educated family example sarojini naidu, satyavathi Devi, kamla Nehru, Vijay
laxmi Pandit, kasturba Gandhi etc. In rural areas, women came from rich peasant
households. In Bengal the women’s participation increased in nationalism.
II.
In 1930, women rallied before Bethany College
Kolkata in support of gandhiji’s Civil disobedience movement.
III.
In Bombay, large section of women of Guajarati
community was influenced by Gandhi’s isolation and participated in national
movement.
However, all these participations were symbolic as women did not hold
any position of authority for a long time.
2. 2. Explain
the reason for the Lohore Session of the Congress in 1929 to be called the historical
session.
Answer :
Lahore Session of the
Congress in 1929 is called the historical session because at this session , the
Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru passed a resolution of declaring ‘ Purna
Swaraj’ in December 1929.
In 1929 , Viceroy Lord Irwin announced
an uncertain offer of ‘Dominian status’ to India and a Round Table Conference
to discuss a future Constitution. At that time liberals and moderates in
Congress lost their influence and Radicals like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash
Bose became more assertive in Congress.
After declaring ‘ Purna Swaraj’ or
complete independence., the Congress declared 26th January, 1930 as
the Independence Day.
3. 3. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role
in inspiring the rebels with Gandhi’s ideas.
Answer : Alluri
sitaram Raju was a tribal leader in the Gudem Hills of Andhrapradesh. He started
a Militant Guerrilla movement in the early 1920’s.
a. Raju inspired the hill people. The hill people
were enraged by the British policy. When the government began forcing them to
contribute ‘brgar' for road building, the hill people revolted.
b. Raju
talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi. Inspired by Gandhi’s Non Cooperation
Movement, he persuaded people to wear Khadi and give up drinking. He thought
that India could be liberated only by the use of force.
4. 4. What
types of flag was designed during the ‘ Swaraj Movement’ in Bengal? Explain
it’s main features.
Answer : During
the time of Swaraj Movement, a tri colour flag was designed in Bengal by
Mahatma Gandhi, It’s features were
i.
It had
eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India and a crescent moon
representing Hindu-Muslim community.
ii. It had also tri colour
i.e. red, green and white. It had a spinning wheel in the centre.
iii. The flag represented
Gandhian ideal of self-help and carrying the flag and holding it aloft during
procession or Marches, became a symbol of defiance.
Case Based Questions
The movement started with middle class
participation in the cities. Thousands
of students left government controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and
teachers resigned, and lawyers gave off their legal practices. The council
elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice
Party, the party of the non-Brahmins, felt – that entering the council was one
way of gaining some power- something that usually only Brahmans and access to.
The effects
of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were
boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The
import of foreign clothe halved between 1921 and 1922,its value dropping from ₹
102 crore to ₹ 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in
foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and wearing
only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.
i. I. Explain the role of ‘ Justice Party’ in boycotting
of Council elections.
Answer : The role
of ‘Justice Party’ is that it did not boycotted the council elections. It was the
party of non-Brahmans. The party thought that council elections was a opportunity
for them to enter the councils and gaining some power.
ii. How was the effects of non- cooperation
on the economic front dramatic? What was the main cause for boycotting foreign
goods during non corporation movement?
Answer : The effect of non-cooperation
movement were dramatic on economic front as foreign goods were boycotted,
foreign clothes were burnt and foreign
trade and financing foreign trade was refused. The main cause for boycotting foreign
goods during now cooperation Movement was to challenge the well-established economic
and power structure of Britishers.
iii. Explain the effect of Boycott movement on
foreign textile trade.
Answer : The effects of Boycott movement
on foreign textile trade were
People began discarding imported clothes.
People started to wear only Indian clothes.
The import of foreign clothes halved between 1921 and 1922.