Important History Question Class 10 || CBSE
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Q1) Write three features of the Painting of Frederic Sorrieu?
Ans: Features:
i) Men and Women walking across the statue of liberty offering homage.
ii) Statue of liberty has a torch of enlightenment and Charter of the Right of Man.
iii) On the Earth lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions.
Q2) How was France Responsible in spreading nationalism to other part of Europe?
Ans: i) Students and other members of educated middle classes began setting up Jacobin Club like in France, in European countries.
ii) Their activities and campaign prepared the way French armies which moved into Holland, Switzerland, Belgium, and much of Italy in the 1970s.
iii) With the outbreak of the revolutionary wars, the French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad.
Q3) What kind of policy was followed by Bismarck? How did he manage to oust Austria from the German federation?
Ans: i) Bismarck followed the policy of ' Blood and Iron'
ii) He was the architect of this process, which he carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy.
iii) Three wars were fought for over seven years with Austria, Denmark and France, which ended in the victory of Prussia and completed the process of unification.
Q4) Explain the role of romanticism in National feeling.
Ans: i) Romantic artists and poets created a sense of shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of nation.
ii) It was through folk songs, folk poetry, and folk dances that the true spirit of the Nation was popularised.
iii) Emphasis was given on the vernacular language and the collection of folklore, to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences.
Q5) Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s.
Ans: i) Enormous increase in population was seen all over Europe. In most countries, there were more seekers of jobs than employment. People from rural areas migrated to cities and started living in crowded slums.
ii) Small producers in towns were often faced stiff competition from imports of cheap machine made goods from England.
iii) In Europe, where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
iv) Tha Rise of Bread prices forced common people to raise their voice.
5 marks Questions
Q1) What conditions led to the development of a new middle class in Europe?
Ans: i) The growth of industrial production and trade meant to the growth of towns and the emergence of commercial classes whose existence was on production for the market.
ii) In France and parts the German states, it occurred only during 19th century.
iii) In it wake, new social groups came into being, a working class population and middle classes made up of industrialist, businessman and professionals.
iv) In Central and Eastern Europe. These groups were smaller in numbers till late 19th century.
v) It was among the educated, liberal middle classes that ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity.
Q2) What was zollverein? Why was it formed?
Ans: In 1834,the customs union of zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and was joined by most of the German states.
i) The Union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
ii) The creation of a network of railways further stimulated mobility, harnessing economic interests to national unification.
iii) A wave of economic nationalism strengthened the wider nationalist sentiments growing at the time.
iv) Varied currencies and weight and measures were obstacles to economic growth, so the creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital was needed. So, Zollverein was formed.