NCERT SOLUTION FOR CLASS 10 CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE|ECONOMICS|CH-2 THE SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY|FULL EXERCISE
1. Fill in the blanks using the correct
option given in the bracket:
(i) Employment in the service sector _______
increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)
(ii) Workers in the _________ sector do not
produce goods. (tertiary / agricultural)
(iii) Most of the workers in the _________
sector enjoy job security. (organised / unorganised)
(iv) A _________ proportion of labourers in
India are working in the unorganised sector. (large / small)
(v) Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is
a _________ product. (natural / manufactured)
(vi) The activities in primary, secondary and
tertiary sectors are _________. (independent/interdependent)
Answer : i. has not
ii.
tertiary
iii.
organised
iv. Large
v. natural , manufactured
vi.
Interdependent
2. Choose the most
appropriate answer.
(a) The sectors are
classified into public and private sector on the basis of:
(i) employment conditions
(ii) the nature of economic activity
(iii) ownership of enterprises
(iv) number of workers employed in the enterprise
Answer: (iii)
ownership of enterprises
(b) Production of a
commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in ______________
sector.
(i) primary
(ii) secondary
(iii) tertiary
(iv) information technology
Answer: (i)
primary
(c) GDP is the total
value of _____________ produced during a particular year.
(i) all goods and services
(ii) all final goods and services
(iii) all intermediate goods and services
(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
Answer: (ii) all
final goods and services
(d) In terms of
GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2013-14 is between _________ per cent.
(i) 20 to 30
(ii) 30 to 40
(iii) 50 to 60
(iv) 60 to 70
Answer: 50 to 60
3. Match the following:
|
Problems faced by farming sector
|
Some possible measures
|
|
1. Unirrigated land
|
(a) Setting up agro-based mills
|
|
2. Low prices for crops
|
(b) Cooperative marketing societies
|
|
3. Debt burden
|
(c) Procurement of food grains by
government
|
|
4. No job in the off
season
|
(d) Construction of canals by the
government
|
|
5. Compelled to sell
their grains to the local
|
(e) Banks to provide credit with low
|
Answer : 1 (d) , 2 (c), 3 ( e), 4 (a), 5 (b)
4. Find the odd one out and say why.
(i) Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter
Answer
: Amongst The above
options tourist guide is odd one out because, the tourist guide belongs to an
organised sector and Appointed by the government whereas Dhobi, Tailor and
Potter work in their own places as unorganised workers.
(ii) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor,
lawyer
Answer : Vegetable vendor is out from the other options as no formal qualifications
prescribed for selling vegetables, where as there are specific qualification
requires for becoming teacher doctor and lawyer.
(iii) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable
Answer : Cobbler is out amongst the others because
cobbler works in Private sector whereas Postman, Soldier and Constable works
for Government sector.
(iv) MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, Jet Airways,
All India Radio
Answer : Jet
Airways is out than the rest of options because it operate by Private
enterprise.
5. A research scholar looked at the working
people in the city of Surat and found the following.
Answer :
|
Place of work
|
Nature of employment
|
Percentage of working people
|
|
In
offices and factories registered with the government
|
Organised
|
15
|
|
Own
shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal license
|
Organised
|
15
|
|
People
working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers
|
Unorganised
|
20
|
|
Working
in small workshops usually not registered with the government
|
Unorganised
|
50
|
The percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city
is 70%
6.
Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary
and tertiary is useful? Explain how.
Answer
:- Classification of economic activities into
Primary, Secondary and tertiary is useful because of the following reasons
i. It gives us information about the occupation chosen
by numbers of the population in the country.
ii. It also tells us the contribution of each sector towards GDP.
iii. It focus light on the scope for employment generation in which sector of economy.
iv. It simplify the calculation of National Income.
7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Cloud there be other issues which should be examined Discuss.
Answer :- One should focus on employment and GDP as they
both play vital role in the development of the country.
GDP is the sum
total of final goods from all three sectors of the economy.
When employment will be more there will be more
production. With increase in employment
and GDP country’s National income and per capita income increases.
Apart from
this we should also focus on Health,
Education, Agriculture, Industry, tourism, Food and nourishment, tourism etc.
8.
Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for
a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.
Answer
:- People around us are involved in
different types of works for a living. We can classify them on the basis of
three sectors of economic activity such as Primary sector, secondary sector and
tertiary sector.
People are working in agricultural field, fisheries, mining, vegetables
selling, are comes under Primary sector.
People who are working in any
industry and are related to production of valuable goods are concerned with Secondary
sector.
People who are providing us services like Education,
Health facilities, Banking and Insurance, transportation are comes under
Tertiary sector.
9. How is the tertiary sector
different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
Answer:-
The tertiary
sector is different from other two sectors as it directly not produce any
products rather it helps in the process of production and creates services like
transportation, marketing, Banking, Hospitality etc.
Tertiary sector’s contribution can not be measurable
like Primary and secondary sector. One can not express how much services
created numerically, Whereas the output in Primary and Secondary sector are
visible. So, the activities that help in the development of
primary and secondary sectors are called tertiary activities.
For example – Cultivation of cotton is falls under
primary sector, then it is send to industries for manufacturing and the final
product is send to the market with the help of transportation, in the market
the shopkeepers sells the product and service is created. All types of services
are comes under Tertiary sector.
10. What do you understand by disguised
unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
Answer
: Disguised unemployment is a situation where people seems to be working
but really they are not. When more than the requirements people are engaged in
a work they give less than their potentiality this type of work consider as
disguised unemployment.
It is found both in rural and urban areas. In rural areas
it has seen in agricultural works. Where on a piece of land which requires only
one or two persons hardly to work, there has been seen working of whole family members. Here
they do not utilise their full productivity, although they works for name sake
but there no increase in Production.
In urban areas it found in the case of painters, musicians,
construction workers, electrician they are
unable to get work on a daily basis, so they do not give their full
potentiality in the work.
11. Distinguish between open unemployment and
disguised unemployment.
Answer :
|
Open unemployment
|
Disguised
unemployment
|
|
I. Open unemployment is a situation where a
person is eligible for a work and interested to work still there is no
employment opportunities.
II.
This is also called Educated unemployment.
III.
Mostly seen in urban areas.
|
I. Disguised unemployment where people act like they are working
but really they are not fully utilise their potentiality.
II.
Also called seasonal unemployment.
III.
Often found in rural areas.
|
12.“Tertiary
sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian
economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer
: No
the above statement is not correct. In fact Tertiary sector is playing vital
role in the development of Indian economy because of the following reasons –
I. It
provides assists to Primary and secondary school to work efficiently.
II. Banks
which comes under tertiary sector provides loan to Agricultural sectors and
Industries for increasing productions.
III. Education and Health facilities which are
basic requirements also falls under tertiary sector.
IV. It also created many job opportunities in
tourism and hospitality industry.
V. In the recent times tertiary sector provides
maximum employment to the people of the country.
13. Service sector in India employs two
different kinds of people. Who are these?
Answer : The
service sector in India employees play two different kinds of people they are
skilled workers and unskilled workers.
The educated mass like doctors, teachers, bank employees
are comes under tertiary sector.
The less skilled
and unskilled workers like the electrician, vegetable vendors, plumbers they
are also works under tertiary sector.
Both the 2 kinds of people create and provide services.
14.
Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view?
Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer
: Workers are exploited in the Unorganised
sector the given statement is true. Following reasons justifies this
·
Unorganised
sectors are not comes under the control of Government.
·
Government
rules and regulations are not followed here.
·
There is
no job security and there is longs hours of work.
·
Workers
in unorganised sectors do not get any benefits like, Health insurance,
maternity leave, retirement benefits etc.
·
As the
workers in unorganised sectors are not mostly educated they are unaware about
their rights so they gets exploited.
15. 15. How are the activities in the economy
classified on the basis of employment conditions?
Answer
: On the basis of employment
conditions the activities in the economy classified as organised and on
organised sectors.
(A)
Organised
sectors are Operate and look after by the Government authorities. They follow
the rules and regulations prescribed by the Government. Here the employees gets
better work environment and they have job securities.
(B)
Unorganised sectors are not comes under
the control of Government. They do not follow any Government rules and
regulations. There is no specific time of working for the workers , they do
work for long hours. Workers under this do not get any kinds of job security
and benefits.
16.
Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised
sectors.
Answer : A
huge difference has been seen in the working conditions, between the organised
and organised sectors.
In comparison to the unorganised
sectors, The employment conditions in organised sectors is far better. In
organised sector employees gets fair salary,
medical facilities, Retirement benefits, healthy work environment etc. There
found Job satisfaction among the employees.
On the other hand in unorganised
sectors there is no worker’s friendly environment is found. They do not enjoy
any extra benefits . Employees do long hours of work and gets very less
salaries as comparison to their work. Sometimes it found that workers here get
exploited by the organisations.
17.
Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.
Answer : NREGA stands for
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. This was implemented in the year 2005.
According to this Act The Government
ensures 100 days of work to the poor people in the village. In case government
failed to provide employment then it gives unemployment allowances to the
people in rural areas.
18. Using examples from your area
compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public
sectors.
Answer: If we will
compare both the Public and Private
sectors we will find,
Public sectors are owned and operated by the Government
authorities. It has both welfare and profit motive. It facilitate services to
all categories of people equally. Examples – Railway, Government Hospitals,
Police stations, Government Schools, Government Hospitals etc.
Private sectors are authorised by Individuals. They works to earn profit. Here services are
provide to them who pays for these. Examples are – Malls, Private transports, Private schools, colleges etc.
19. Discuss and fill the following
table giving one example each from your area.
|
Well-managed organisation
|
Badly-managed organisation
|
|
Public sector
|
|
|
Private sector
|
|
Answer :
|
|
Well-managed organisation
|
Badly-managed organisation
|
|
Public sector
|
Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation
|
Air India
|
|
Private sector
|
Reliance
Mobile
|
Satyam
|
20.
Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government
has taken them up.
Answer
: Some Of the examples of public
sector activities are – Railway, Hospitals, Schools, Banks, Electricity, Water
facilities, Irrigations etc. The government has taken them up to Provide Public
welfare to the citizens of the country irrespective of their social status.
Government’s undertaken projects enjoyed by all citizens equally.
22.
The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues :
wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.
Answer
: The
workers in Organised sectors workers in small and scattered units. There no
government rules and regulations are being followed. So there workers suffers a
lot in term of their wages, safety and health.. We can better understand this
after going through the following points-
Wages – The
workers in unorganised sectors gets very low wages in comparison to their work.
They also do not get their payments regularly , there is no specific time for
getting salary. For example a labourer in any Industry works for 12 hours and
barely gets 300 rupees.
Safety – No
safety provided to the workers in unorganised sectors. There is no Job
security. Suppose a Driver takes leave for some personal reasons for few months
in his place the owner may remove him from his Job.
Health – Workers
in unorganised sectors does not assures any Health facilities to the workers.
They also not bother for the health conditions of the workers. Even in job
place any accident occurs to any workers then the company do not bear the
responsibility. There is no sick leave for the labourers working in different
unorganised sectors.
23. A study in Ahmedabad found
that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised
sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000
million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector.
Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for
generating more employment in the city?
Answer :
|
-
|
Organised
Sector
|
Unorganised
Sector
|
Total
|
|
No. of
workers
|
4,00,000
|
11,00,000
|
15,00,000
|
|
Income
(Rs)
|
32,000
million
|
28,000
million
|
60,000
million
|
It is clear from the above data that though a larger portion of
workers are involved in the unorganised sector, the per capita earning is more in
the organized sector. Thus the government should encourage the entrepreneurs in
the unorganised sector to change them into the organized sector. For this, the
government must provide loans and aid to companies transferring from
unorganised to organised sectors.
24. The following table gives the GDP in
Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:
|
Year
|
Primary
|
Secondary
|
Tertiary
|
|
2000
|
52,000
|
48,500
|
1,33,500
|
|
2013
|
8,00,500
|
10,74,000
|
38,68,000
|
(i) Calculate the share of the three
sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.
(ii) Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.
(iii) What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?
Answer : The
share of three sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013 are –(i) In 2000, primary sector = 22.22%, secondary sector = 20.73%,
tertiary sector = 57.04% And In 2013, primary sector = 13.94% secondary sector =
18.70%, tertiary sector = 67.36%
(iii) We can draw the conclusion that the share of the
tertiary sector in the GDP has increased by 10%, while that of the primary
sector has almost halved. The secondary sector has grown by about 2% in the
last 13 years.
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